Essay --

1.IntroductionThe aim of this report was to discuss how the humor change and urbanisation processes moved(p) the design and management of waste wet systems in one of the countries of choice. In this report as an example mainland China was used to describe the influence of urbanisation and mode change on design and management of waste water supply systems.Rapidly growing human commonwealth is expected to exceed nine billion people by 2050. Urban areas in developing countries are affected by rapid growth of population and poor infrastructure development. Already half of the human population live in cities where the infrastructure is not developed enough to sustain wastewater production. As the population increases so the production of waste water. In addition, climate changes affect the weather patterns, which directly influence a hydrological cycle. As a provide one area suffers from rain fall shortage and others from more deep rainfalls.2.ChinaIn recent decades, Chinas populat ion has rapidly grown which caused rapid economic growth and increased the rate of urbanisation. At designate china has one of the fastest urban population growth rate in the world.(UNDP 2013) All this happened along with proceeding environmental destruction and serious water pollution. The growing population of China has a high water demand as well as a lack of sufficient wastewater infrastructure. Those factors result in poor water quality and severe water shortages. In 2002 the rate of municipal wastewater treatment in China was 39.9 percent. (U.S Department of employment 2005) Figure 1 Urbanisation and the urban population in China (CEIC 2012) Macroeconimic Database for emerging and development markets. (sourcewww.stats.gov.ch)Water resources and water c... ...ns Benefit/cost analysis environmental Impact Legal mandates7. Develop implementation plans, including timeframe for implementation8. Monitor and reassessSource ( Rosenzweig et al. 2007 ). Figure 6 Conc eptual model of a sustainable water resource system (source Hecht et al.2012)5.ConclusionHigh rates of urbanisation and climate change in China has created many problems related to water resources. An increase in the population and a high urbanisation rate have effected and increased wastewater production. The Chinese water market is already under a huge amount of stress. The quality and quantity of water resources have been depleted due to the inefficient use of water. In terms of wastewater management China requires a long term strategy with sustainable solutions which will take into account climate change and the rate of urbanisation.

Pornography †Government Censorship Will Never Promote Equality :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Pornography Government Censorship Will Never Promote equationCatharine Mackinnon seeks to be the Galileo of sexual inequality the philosopher free of preconceptions who reveals a new structure, incorporating all known facts, radically different from anything previously understood. The structure Galileo overthrew was the Earth-centered universe. The structure Mackinnon must overthrow, in order to make the law do what she thinks it must, is the First Amendment- centered universe (though Mackinnon would probably say it was the pimp-centered universe pimp is a favorite term of hers).If you contrive a hammer, everything looks like a nail Mackinnon is a lawyer, so the law looks like the best way, or the only way, to solve the problem of pornography. If you divorce Mackinnons conclusions from her prescriptions, you would build a valuable feminist scholar, calling attention to contexts and subtexts in our society previously ignored. But, as an attorney and law professor, Mackinnon must, t o accomplish her goals, place herself squarely in confrontation with free speech. This is doubly sad, because the idea she presents us with is so valuable. Mackinnons central idea is that pornography is the oppression of women it is not simply talk about or advocacy of oppression. Thus, she argues, contrary to most Constitutional scholars, that pornography is not speech, but action. In Mackinnons opinion, pornography acts against women twice, when it is made, and when it is viewed. First, women are degraded, raped and (in her belief) even killed in the making of adult pictures and films. Then, the pictures and films further participate in the degradation, rape and murder of women by the users of pornography. To cite just one example from Mackinnons Only Words, Linda Marchiano, then known as Linda Lovelace, was defeat and threatened at gunpoint by her husband during the filming of Deep Throat. The movie then caused men to force women to try acts which Marchiano had only been able t o act under hypnosis. According to Mackinnon, numerous women were hospitalized directly as a result of the film some were raped by strangers, others were coerced or raped by boyfriends. (Mackinnon and her colleague, Andrea Dworkin, do not really distinguish between rape and psychological coercion in fact, to Dworkin, all heterosexual sex seems tantamount to rape.) While Mackinnons world view, so summarized, may sound extreme, a thought experiment is all that is really necessary to see the validity of her ideas.

Against Censoring Harmless Obscene Language :: essays research papers

Against Censoring Harmless Obscene LanguageWhy the $ would any & angstrom unit*$% head destiny to censor $ &*$% offensive language? Imean what the $??     Did any of that offend anyone? Would it if I had used the actual words?I hope it wouldnt because I sure didnt intend for it to. But then again, ifit did, well, dont take this personally, but, you dont need to be reading this.Im sorry, but I am not forcing you to. No one is. soaked your eyes if someoneputs it in front of you, sing the Macarena a loud if someone reads it to you,whatever. The fact of the matter is, freedom of speech is the law. I have in myhand, not that you would know this, the Constitution of the United States ofAmerica. In this constitution, there is this little thing called the Bill ofRights which contains the first ten amendments, the first being the freedom ofspeech. member I of the United States Constitution states, "Congress shallmake no lawabridging the freedom of speech." T ranslated, this asserts that Ican say what ever the $ I want to. Ooh, Im sorry, I hope you closed youreyes and washed your ears out with soap. If not, too $% bad     My belief is that nothing should be censored. Nothing. It is everypersons right and responsibility to shield him or herself from any language andother audio and visual provided I do not say anything false which could hurtanother persons reputation messages that is found humbling to the individual.One person may find my $%& language offensive, yet another may find mylanguage rather humorous and meaningful. I disembodied spirit that when I use offensivelanguage, I am more thoroughly stressing my point. Allow me to demonstrate mypoint. I have just been shot in the genu cap on my way to the terrible Prize AwardDinner, and I give now be disqualified as a contestant for the Noble Peace Prize.I then say to the bad man, "Owthat hurt. Whydid youdothatto me?" The manwho has done this awful deed will feel no self-condemnation and carry on whistling Its awonderful life. Now, lets try this again with a more meaningful message. "Sonof a %$ What the $ did you $ &*$% do that for you $%& *%&$ $$%&$% $&*% &$ $%*$%????" The man will now have a better sense of what pain hehas brought me. He will still obviously run and hide and do nothing about whathe did, but hell more than likely feel more guilty for what he did.

A Day at Work Essay -- Dialogue in Narrative Essays

A piercing sound grew louder as I slowly gained consciousness. Realising where it was coming from, I glanced at the stupid ph whiz responsible for awaken me. Who the hell was phoning me at this clipping in the morning? Picking up the ringing object, I glanced at the clock hanging on the cream wall. 840am. Shit, I was late. Work started at 9am. I sighed. Whoever was making me even later better have a damn good reason.I hit the solution button. Yo. I mumbled into the speaker.I appreciate my step-mothers annoyingly highpitched voice screeching through the phone. displumeert James That is no way to answer the phone Next time I expect to be listening a nice, hello, Robert speaking, none of this ya nonsense-By this stage I had placed the phone next to my half-finished bio report on the desk. I had no intention of listening to her lecturing. She could submit what she wanted, but shed never replace my mum like she desperately appearmed to be trying to accomplish. I was nineteen anywa y, not very much she could do. She couldnt even say yo without seem like a retard. Hell, she didnt even take the time to notice that noone called me by my full name. I was known as Rob to practically everyone apart from her. amply clothed in my wrinkled uniform, I grabbed the phone, rushing for the door. Laters Ax I called over my shoulder to my roommate Axel, not tolerant a shit if he heard me or not. I was already running late. Ill be back after work. I said, slamming the door behind me.As I rushed trim the dull dormitry halls of Greenville college, I wearily raised the phone back up to my ear. Not surprisingly, the screech-master was still at it. Before she could quell further on whatsoever the hell she was on about, I interrupted. Du... ...es.Realising I had zoned out again, stopped in the middle of the shop, whilst balancing 5 coffees on a tray, I looked over to see some customers glaring impatiently at me. Sheesh, calm your farms, its only coffee. Not wishing to get a ny closer to those stuck up looking customers, I swivelled close to again and headed straight back to the kitchen. I threw the orders back on the bench and slapped Cade round the shoulder, Tell the boss Im sick wont ya? He looked at me doubtfully.Cough, cough? I half heartedly faked illness.Whatever dude, He eventually gave in, But you know, you owe me now, right? Anything you want mate. I honestly would have concur to anything. At that moment I just needed to get out of that place. As soon as I got back to the dorms, I was planning on grabbing Axel and going on one of our not so legal adventures together. A Day at Work Essay -- Dialogue in Narrative EssaysA piercing sound grew louder as I slowly gained consciousness. Realising where it was coming from, I glanced at the stupid phone responsible for awakening me. Who the hell was phoning me at this time in the morning? Picking up the ringing object, I glanced at the clock hanging on the cream wall. 840am. Shit, I was late. Work started at 9am. I sighed. Whoever was making me even later better have a damn good reason.I hit the answer button. Yo. I mumbled into the speaker.I recognised my step-mothers annoyingly highpitched voice screeching through the phone. Robert James That is no way to answer the phone Next time I expect to be hearing a nice, hello, Robert speaking, none of this ya nonsense-By this stage I had placed the phone next to my half-finished bio report on the desk. I had no intention of listening to her lecturing. She could try what she wanted, but shed never replace my mum like she desperately seemed to be trying to accomplish. I was nineteen anyway, not much she could do. She couldnt even say yo without sounding like a retard. Hell, she didnt even take the time to notice that noone called me by my full name. I was known as Rob to practically everyone apart from her.Fully clothed in my wrinkled uniform, I grabbed the phone, rushing for the door. Laters Ax I called over my shoul der to my roommate Axel, not giving a shit if he heard me or not. I was already running late. Ill be back after work. I said, slamming the door behind me.As I rushed down the dull dormitry halls of Greenville college, I wearily raised the phone back up to my ear. Not surprisingly, the screech-master was still at it. Before she could continue further on whatever the hell she was on about, I interrupted. Du... ...es.Realising I had zoned out again, stopped in the middle of the shop, whilst balancing 5 coffees on a tray, I looked over to see some customers glaring impatiently at me. Sheesh, calm your farms, its only coffee. Not wishing to get any closer to those stuck up looking customers, I swivelled around again and headed straight back to the kitchen. I threw the orders back on the bench and slapped Cade round the shoulder, Tell the boss Im sick wont ya? He looked at me doubtfully.Cough, cough? I half heartedly faked illness.Whatever dude, He eventually gave in, But you know, you owe me now, right? Anything you want mate. I honestly would have agreed to anything. At that moment I just needed to get out of that place. As soon as I got back to the dorms, I was planning on grabbing Axel and going on one of our not so legal adventures together.

Dr. Faustus Essay: The Tragic Downfall of Dr. Faustus -- Doctor Faust

The Tragic Downfall of Dr. Faustus        Christopher Marlowes play, its genre an English tragedy of the sixteenth century, presents the tragic troth of the Faust theme in the tradition of medieval morality plays. The concepts of good and evil in these plays and their psychological implications reflect a historical background in which the church service dominates the ethical and moral concepts of their time. Faustus defies societys norms and embraces the devil with courageous desperation, fully aware of the inevitable consequences, but incapable of being satisfied with his compassionate limitations.   The play is divided into tail fin acts, each of them representing a progressive stage of Faustus downfall, his moral and ethical decline. In the prologue preceeding the first act, which is written in the form of a poetic commentary, Faustus is allegorically compared to Ikarus, the classic mythological figure, through the alliteration of waxen wings (Prol ogue line 20). Ikarus actual flight represents symbolically Faustus intellectual endeavors to unreached heights. The melting of Ikarus wings find their match in Faustus downfall and devastation. The language used, discloses hierarchical thought pattern scholarly pursuits are high standing in value. The closeness to the sun that causes Ikarus fall foreshadows Faustus destruction and his desire to become like God. This reflects the pre-renaissance understanding of social order - people are to stay in their God-given place in society.   But the image of Ikarus expiration is also to be taken literal. Heavens conspired his overthrow (Prologue line 21) foretells Faustus actual death while the blame for it is being placed scornfully and s... ...t of sin, but Faustus, in hell is all manner of delight(II,ii,179).   The struggle between Faustus superego/good angel and his id/bad angel continue throughout the play and the possibility of achieving a balance doesnt seem to exist. I n the society of the sixteenth century repressive moral standards prohibited a possible balance between ethical demands and human passions, causing psychological traumas as the reader can observe it in this play. Society of this time, forcing their limited understanding of God on people, caused thinkers like Faust to lose their discover for a supernatural experience with God that could have solved their questions. It would take another two hundred years until in the period of Enlightenment a new Faust, created by Goethe, would retain his noble character and conquer with reason the trivial attempts of Mephistopheles.  

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

In our time, there has been many authors. Perhaps the most interesting and most astray known author has been Mark Twain.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 in Florida, Missouri, Clemens has been known as a humorist, narrator, and social observer. Clemens works are some of the most widely known pieces in this country, and perhaps even the world.At the age of 4, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port located on the disseminated sclerosis River. In 1851, he began backing type for and contributing sketches to his brother Orions newspaper, the Hannibal Journal. Later, Clemens was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River until the Civil War. In 1862 he became a reporter for the Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, Nevada.In 1863, he started using his pseudonym Mark Twain, which was a river call for a depth of two fathoms. This was the beginning of Mark Twain, because in 1865, he produce The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County and within months the author and the story had become national sensations. Two of his recent novels have also been extremely popular. The Gilded Age, which was published in 1873, took a look into the materialism and corruption in the 1870s. Another book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, has been very popular. The story celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River.Reporters and many other people have been awaiting a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but the author has not promised anything. He states that he is now working on another novel, which has yet to be named, but has given the plot away.

Mark Twain :: essays research papers

In our time, there has been many authors. Perhaps the most interesting and most astray known author has been Mark Twain.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 in Florida, Missouri, Clemens has been known as a humorist, narrator, and social observer. Clemens works are some of the most widely known pieces in this country, and perhaps even the world.At the age of 4, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port located on the disseminated multiple sclerosis River. In 1851, he began riding horse type for and contributing sketches to his brother Orions newspaper, the Hannibal Journal. Later, Clemens was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River until the Civil War. In 1862 he became a reporter for the Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, Nevada.In 1863, he started using his pseudonym Mark Twain, which was a river call for a depth of two fathoms. This was the beginning of Mark Twain, because in 1865, he make The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County and withi n months the author and the story had become national sensations. Two of his recent novels have also been extremely popular. The Gilded Age, which was published in 1873, took a look into the materialism and corruption in the 1870s. Another book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, has been very popular. The story celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River.Reporters and many other people have been awaiting a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but the author has not promised anything. He states that he is now working on another novel, which has yet to be named, but has given the plot away.

Jensen Shoes Company Essay

Company management requires to know the opportunities for new markets and new reapings, necessitating the need to expand product lines in this process, Janes Karvitz, strategic production took up Lyndon in her team and now set about problem with his attitude at work and trying to motivate him to shoemakers last his assigned work About organization and employee designationsJensen Shoes is an Ameri shadower company which is supererogatoryizing in athletic and casual shoes for both adults and children The hierarchy of the employees is as follows tornado Briggs-VP of marketingChuck Taylor Director of Strategic marketing(Strategic product managers) Jane Kravitz- casual wear Kyle-athletic shoes Robert children shoesLyndon staffPatty Russell HR professional interpret internet site of the company About Lyndon and Jane Kravitz Lyndon Twitchell ,a staff member in Janes team, and was given two strategic objectives (s.o.s) to complete i.e Latino and African American market. In addition to it, he was assigned a third project on environmental issues at the same time. Lyndon has not been able to fulfil his strategic objectives on a lower floor Chuck while he was in a management position. After been transferred to Janes team, he tried to take a week to fly to the atomic number 74 coast and attend a trade show. Twitchell and Jane came to an agreement that Twitchell would be responsible for only one strategic objective and they signed a contract to translate the same.Problem identification and Contextual analysisPre-assumptions by Kravitz and their effect on her behaviour The case reflected the fact that Janes took up Lyndon in her team and now facing problem with his attitude at work. Karvitz was already informed by Chuck that Lyndon is a guy who is difficult to handle in terms of work, This corresponds to the social education processing model , in which people adopt attitudes and behaviours in keeping with the cues provided by others with whom they come into c ontact. With this perceived information, she pre assumed that she can motivate and put him in to work, because she though Chuck is quick at deciding and so did not actually accepted the fact.The pre assumption brought changes in Janes behaviour and attitude towards Lyndon Brook. She, thinking that handsome moral support can actually motivate Lyndon .Apart from this ,she personally experienced working with Lyndon and realized ,he has many great qualities of being professional, charming and the capability of lick problems . This extra care that Jane took, may be the reason Lyndon took advantage and planned a business .A pictorial SWOT analysis has been shown belowStrengths observe employees same as productsOpen door policyWeaknessImproper task allocationUncontrolled behaviour of employeesLow product varietiesOpportunities new-fangled marketsNew consumer preferencesThreatsFlattening sales of casual wearCompetition from others in marketCommunication barriersIn case it was mentioned th at, Lyndon was rude to his boss. When Kravitz called Lyndon to her cabin to have a formal talk, he left abruptly without even up giving proper answer to Kravitz. Lyndon here did a selective screening. He did not bother what Kravitz is actually trying to communicate. He spoke just what he wanted to and left the cabin. Kravitz analysed this behaviour of Lyndon is due to the fact of career development desire, once he used to be in a position under Chuck. So, she promised Lyndon, that she will talk with the management to offer him a better position. This somehow created a little chance to talk to Lyndon. She even planned informal meets to make ease for Lyndon.Performance Management feedbackLyndon performance was analysed by Chuck previously. And he remarked negative on his behaviour. Lyndon actually performed excellent in few of his projects assigned. He did not make out most of them good. Chuck may be focusing on only unfinished projects while evaluating Lyndons performance. Also bein g quick decision maker, he may not actually try to figure out the problem of Lyndon. This efficacy be naturalized Lyndon in a negative way, that he was mistreated by his boss and remarked bad before all other colleagues. And thus is the reason for his resistance to the speech and suggestions by Kravitz, tonicitying that he will anyways be not recognised for his work.Alternatives or possible solutionsThe first alternative is to avoid pre assumptions. Kravitz would not have provided special treatment only to brook ,which he in turn realised it. He thought that he was treated separately distinguishing from other staff might be due to the negative image he has. So, it would have been much comfortable even to Lyndon, when considered equally with the remaining two people. This can bring him the feel of normalness while working. A part from this Kravitz should not follow projection methodology by expecting the same she feels at her work from her staff. The second alternative can be fro m the side of Lyndon. Lyndon should not have self-serving biasness. He is actually not accepting the internal faults but over estimating the external factors he was being influenced. This make him to deny the responsibility of finishing the sos in time and even planning to a trip in unsuitable circumstances.RECOMMENDATIONSThe above alternatives can be viewed when Karvitz did not demonstrate fundamental attribution error. She can encourage Lyndon for his finished works and recognize him for the best results .She can give continuous backing so that she can derive the desired behaviour quickly possible. Lyndon should also inculcate self-efficacy and try to help Karvitz in finishing the s.o.s in time. He should avoid the negative thoughts of over burdening and extra works and be enthusiastic at finishing his job. The third recommendation in order to improve the situation is that the management must be realistic in allocating work to employees and Jane Kravitz must be bold enough not to accept a work if she undercoat it very unrealistic and tough to finish.Too high self-esteem can prove to be counter-intuitive at times. While throwing birthday parties is fine, continuous documentation with extrinsic rewards and recognitions of the work been accomplished by employees can be more encouraging. Experimentation can be made using negative reinforcement, when positive reinforcement fails to work. The fear of losing job can increase the likelihood of desirable behaviour.

Compare Contrast: Hitler and Roosevelt

Compare/Contrast Hitler and Roosevelt The World struggle II era brought egress many leadership, but two that were commonly acknowledged were Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler. Both men were very popular and were cognise throughout the world for their choices. The men had differed personalities but nearly traits were the same in twain of them. The similarities and differences when comparing the two men are extremely noticeable. Hitler and Franklin are similar in the way of both being leaders of a powerful nation. Hitler led Germany while Roosevelt led the United States.These men both had a stubborn trait, which could be used good or bad. They both used the media as a way to convey their messages and to convince the public that their argument was better. Both men were also considered to be very headstrong in their ideas and opinions. In addition to their similarities, these men also have numerous differences. Roosevelt was well known for his kind demeanor and his ability to lead the United States during depression and war. Hitler was known for being a dictator and a mass murderer.Roosevelt felt sympathy for the people and his choices in politics reflected this. Hitler was arrogant and racist against various groups of people. The World War II era was a difficult time for the world to overcome. There were many disputes and feuds. Franklin and Roosevelt both contributed to World War II although not always in a positive way. Roosevelt was admired by the public,while Hitler was despised by a majority of the people. The similarities and differences between the two mens personalities and strategies is interesting to learn.Compare/Contrast Works Cited Franklin D. Roosevelt. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 June 2012. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.

Should Higher Education Be Made Available to All

Education is a channel to understand the real world better and whether this development should be depictd to the students by the universities should be free or not, is one of the most debated topics over last many decades. In the todays fast growing civilization this education has become everyones requisite to survive. Everyone understands the value of education in their lives hence they compete hard to get the best of the education. So to give this education free to some students would be an darkness on the part of the others.Therefore, from my perspective education should not be given by the universities free of cost. In my opinion, if the students get out not pay for their education then who would pay for that, is a big question that requires an immediate solution. Thus it can create further confusions in the society. For example, if the government would pay for students education then they will extract the silver from public only by increasing the taxes and this can furthe r complicate the situation.Another reason is that to get education from good universities students unremarkably take some kinds of loans, which I feel, make them more serious towards their studies and responsible so that they can clear the debts in future. Therefore, education received by loose money stands more value to them as they have sacrificed something to get that education. The third reason is that the money universities take from the students is used by the universities for the upliftment of the universitys standard only.The university utilize this money to pay the teachers, to introduce most recent advances in all the aspects of education like getting new equipments in laboratories, building new classes with more pass on technologies, new books for the libraries, new hostels etc. Nevertheless, the proc ess of financial support through Bank Loans, Philanthropic Trusts, Corporate Social Responsibility funds and a National corporation should be augmented and structured an d worthy candidates screened well through a competency based selection process should be supported. Making higher education free for all will only dilute the standard of education.The impact of this on society at large is not difficult to visualize. We just collect to think about Doctors, Engineers, Pilots, Architects and Pharmacists, to just name a few, who may come out from our colleges with free education, where they have not put anything on stake, participated wholly in all kinds of college level politics and hooliganism, and then sit down to treat serious patients or build bridges, buildings and industries, or fly an aircraft with hundreds of lives at stake or even make medicines with complex chemicals only to damage the lives of so many innocent citizens, who have trusted their University degrees.Therefore , in my opinion universities should not provide education for free because the amount they get from the students is used for the welfare of the students only because it has been seen before also that universities that provide education for free are lower in standards compared to universities taking an appropriate amount of money from the students. I believe, that there is no good thing that we can get for free in the world.

2002 Salt Lake City Olympics

Section II Case Study II The Salt Lake Organising Committee 2002 Olympics Our analysis of the case study had the pursuance objectives 1. To focus on the role of the new management in redesigning the organization to ensure successful execution of the 2002 Winter Olympics 2. To identify the practices involved in the various stages of the project life motorcycle 3. To discover how testing and validation reduce risk and uncertainty when planning a unrivaled-time event such as the Olympics.The transplant scandal and how it underpins the sequence of events The bribery scandal had a huge impact on the planning of the Olympics as the financial viability of the games depended on the involvement of various stakeholders and their re save to the scandal could define the cr throwing(prenominal) success of the event, for example The SLC Olympics were originally budgeted at $ 1. 55 billion, as $ 751 million was expected to materialize from sponsorships. At the time, this figure meant that S LOC would sign up sponsors far in excess of what had been d champion in prior Winter Games.In the wake of the scandal one delicate negotiation with health-care giant Johnson & Johnson was broken off followed by withdrawals from otherwise sponsors. After the scandal the federal government, which was meant to provide funds for transportation and security, pulled back The impact of the scandal on the general public should also be interpreted into consideration, as people would be expected to purchase tickets and turn the Games into a profitable business venture.After the scandal SLOC recognised the need to separate the tainted citizens committee of the past from its future therefore, Mitt Romney was brought in as CEO and Fraser bullock as COO. The challenges were correctly set overcompensate from the start of their appointment $400 million budget deficit, knowledge gap, lack of germane(predicate) experience, dysfunctional organisation, lag operating in silos, inexperienced volu nteer staff, no in operation(p) plan in place.Effective action plans were implemented in order to tackle the above challenges tiered level of importance expense categorisation was introduced, new revenue generating areas were identified, people with significant worldwide event experience were brought in and meld with those that had no such prior experience, the organisation was flattened to shorten the distance between Romney and wind and some primaeval functional areas, staff was empowered by top management to come up with bear solutions to challenges, an organisational culture was built up to give all staff the ense of common purpose. Hugely optimistic budget As a result of the scandal, the budget given to Romney when he joined SLOC reflected millions of revenue dollars unlikely to materialize. Due to the be challenges, the financial strategy became the core project strategy. The objective of the new financial strategy was to restore confidence by creating a validated budget magical spell keeping the books wide open. The entire establishment of managing the project is therefore, severely impacted by this strategy. Cash flow rules with support from the bottomIn order to cut unnecessary costs, Bullock categorized all expenses into what he called a tired level of importance. The classification took care of a lot of overheads automatically. Bullock also developed barely Romneys idea of identifying new revenue generating areas sponsors were approached to fill in as many gaps in the budget as possible for example, SLOC convinced Microsoft to develop and horde the website as a sponsor. To secure the necessary cuts, Bullock realized he had to win the trust of Olympic staffers.Bullock made sure the staff knew the lack of pick scenario behind the strategy of cost cuts, but more importantly he wanted his staff to feel comfortable with the cost cuts philosophy and incorporate it into their own decision making. He let the functional charabancs decide on thei r own itemisations of priorities when suggesting cost cuts. In this sense, the focus of SLOC was to empower its management teams to come up with their own solutions to challenges rather than enforcing decisions using top-down authoritative approach.Restructuring the dysfunctional organization, bringing in experienced managers and create organizational culture Along with the assessment of the budget, Romney and Bullock reviewed the inherited organization and discovered a number of issues The organization was poorly structured as the staff operated in silos and some key functions were 2-3 steps away from Bullock and Romney, when they should have reported directly to one or both of them.The fix was to flatten the organization by elevating 18 positions to the managing director level, each responsible for overseeing some(prenominal) functions and venues and reporting directly to Romney and/or Bullock. There was no transfer of knowledge between Games, although held regularly since 189 6. The solution for this was to bring in at least one person with prior Olympics experience to work in each functional department. This enabled the little formal knowledge transfer between Olympics Most of the staff would contain of inexperienced volunteers who needed to be integrated with the few staff who had significant international event experience.As one of the managing directors elaborated people with different job histories who cannot be promoted are doing the same job for a fixed period of time. What therefore sets the Olympics apart from a typical business is the lack of corporate culture, history, and future. To compensate for the lack of experience in running international events of enormous complexity like the Olympics, and to give all staff a common purpose, Romney developed a list of 5 core principles, which he and Bullock held as SLOCs guiding principles and which they consistently communicated to all staff to give a sense of common purpose.Developing the operation al plan and switching to venue-based management Although the technical side of the project was on track (building the facilities for the Olympics), there was no operational plan in place as to how to run the venues during the game. Matt Lehman was hired as project manager responsible for the action plans. A year before the games the management process was changed from functional office to venue responsibility, which meant that the operational plans could be tested and validated. Testing of Operational plansThe commitment to a defect-free Winter Olympics resulted in the testing of plans prior to the starting of the games, the following verification and validation approaches took place venue testing, gaining insights into major customers experience reviews, operations simulations, test events, and dress rehearsals. Learning outcomes The SLOC case study contains many DOs with obedience to project management and the role of the project leader. The new management had successfully turn ed an underbudgeted project into a profitable one. Leadership and the ability to delegate were really well performed by the COO Fraser Bullock and the CEO Mitt Romney.They managed to bring back sponsors and restored confidence within the organization. The success of the programme is based on the following factors Despite the lack of previous relevant experience, the Romney/Bullock tandem perfectly understood that results are delivered by people within a validated budget. The right people were identified and hired. By securing the budget, restructuring the organization, and empowering the staff to come up with their own solutions to daily challenges the tandem managed to balance the trade offs among cost, time, scope, quality and risks and deliver the Games. Both possess the skill sets that allowed them to manage the processes and lead the staff by applying technical and adaptive approaches to solving project challenges. Issues were correctly identified right from the start correct remedies were employ to tackle the issues rather than just the symptoms. Bullocks previous experience in turning money loosing companies into profitable businesses provided him with a set of skills quite relevant to his SLOC appointment.He had previously done the same financial makeover the Salt Lake City Games needed to other companies, providing him with the confidence that he could enter an unfamiliar industry and become informed with it after a short assessment period. Operational success was ensured by hiring a professional project manager (Matt Lehman) to overview the creation and execution of the operational plans. Risks were identified and tested 6 months prior to the Olympics the operational plans were tested, amended (if required), and validated. SLOC planned, executed and implemented the successful Salt Lake Winter Olympics through following the methodology of Concurrent applied science an integrated approach which defines a project model, divides the project into maj or systems accordingly and delivers the project in a single phase. Each part or system is entrusted to a team consisting of experts. This approach helped to reduce project delivery times and costs despite increased uncertainties, ambiguities, and complexities that surrounded the project. My organization is a functional one and doesnt have a dedicated project management team.Projects are managed within the existing functional hierarchy of the organization. Once management decides on a particular project, the different parts of the project are delegated to the respective functional units. The fact that project participants come from different functional backgrounds often makes projects difficult to line up and execute. For this reason projects are often viewed as an additional burden to which functional managers could be reluctant to allocate resources. Ultimately, staff is not truly motivated to enter as projects are seen as something outside the scope of their usual responsibiliti es.The SLOC case study represents a good example of how to create a cohesive purlieu in which a cross-functional team could best use the creativity and capabilities it can provide. The case study shows that it is not enough just to manage a cross-functional team, it necessitate a true leader. On another hand, the case study provides an excellent example of how the project manager should be aware when to use the project manager hat versus the technical specialist hat as ultimately, the project manager should focus on their role as the leader and let the team handgrip their tasks according to their experience and expertise.The case study demonstrates how the project managers role on the outside should be building support and sponsorship from key stakeholders and building trust and creating an environment of open communication within the project team. Projects in my organisation would be more successful if these ideas are better incorporated in practice.

What Russia completely backwards as a Country

Was Russia a backwards commonwealth? Many things held Russia behind as a countrified compared to the different neat powers Like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Russians population as made up from 80% Serfs and the majority of Serfs owned no refine. Serfs produced light export because the food that they harvested was Just enough to feed them and their families. This held the country back because little Income was coming into the country to fund an Industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers unflustered had serfs. Serfs were also made to live In Emirs which again hindered the country and the Industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers In the factories because serfs had to supplicate permission from the elders to leave the Emirs. Russia was behind in the Industrial revolution compared to the other great powers of Europe like Britain who started there industrial revolut ion by the end of the 18th speed of light.Another thing that held Russia back was Autocratic state. The Tsar was in complete control of Russia and had no one to answer to when making his decisions on what happened with his country. The country had no real parliament as only one was ever formed by Alex II but was then removed by his boy Alex Ill after his assassination. This was unlike Britain and France who were ruled by the government at this time. However Russia was much like Germany at this time which was ruled by a Kaiser Wilhelm II.Since Russia had no real parliament Russia was stuck with the conservative ideas of Tsar and his ministers. There are however reasons to suggest the Russia wasnt completely backwards as a country. Alexander II did make reforms for example the emancipation f the serfs and the setting up of Russians very first government, even though this government was very limited to only the flush and educated men it was a step in the right direction for Russia.R ussia also had the Trans-Siberian railway which the country was very proud of, which suggests that the country was advancing. However It was hushed behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended In the sass In Russia. The size of the Russia empire also suggests the feeler of Russia as Russia was able to keep the arrest continuous land empire In the world covering a sixth of the worlds surface.Russia during the end of the 19th century and to the beginning of the 20th century as a country was clearly advancing with the extension of the railway and the attempt at reform however the country could not advance quick enough to match that of Brutal and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia Itself. What Russia completely backwards as a Country 1881? By Astrologically like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Income was coming into the country to fund a n industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers still had serfs. Serfs were also made to live in Emirs which again hindered the country and the industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers in the factories because serfs had to ask it was still behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended in the sass in Russia. The size of the Russia largest continuous land empire in the world covering a sixth of the worlds surface. Britain and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia itself.

Conflict Management

If a involution should arise over the course of the group project, base 4 has agreed to mitigate the divergence as soon as possible. Based on the place of the impinge, whether It Is personal or technical for example, the aggroup will come together and discuss the function. Once from each one(prenominal) details of the difference ar known, the squad will determine the best way to breed the conflict by a majority rules squad vote. afterward a decision is made it will take effect immediately to insure the conflict. stigmatize All conflicts and decisions will be thoroughly discussed with the course teacher along he way for suggestions and ultimate authority. B. Motivation and stability are keys for success in the police squad up project. Group 4 possess these qualities and does not figure a lack of either through issue the length of the project. However, in an unforeseen circumstance where lack of motivation is identified by the team, it will be communicate immediat ely. The team will address the team outgrowth who Is not performing at the expected level of commitment.This will either be done In a group setting (weekly team c all(prenominal)) or an Individual representing the team reaching out to the segment after speaking with the other team segments. . delivery the situation with the team fragment (either In a group or Individual setting). 2. Determine if the team member needs additional help or other action to bring their motivation back up. 3. Based on the needs, action will be taken by the team to remedy the situation. *Note All concerns about motivation of a team member will be thoroughly discussed with the course instructor along the way for suggestions and ultimate authority.Based on the situations that follow, the specific action will be taken to address and mitigate the situation. L. Team member falls Into one or more categories below Non-responsive If Group 4 Identifies a team member that has become non- responsive (unless previ ously notified due to travel, bu siness, etc. ) the team will try to reach out to the member by email several times. If there is still no response after 5 days, the team will then contact the team member by phone (contact phone number for emergencies provided to team).If contact is still not made, the team will get the course instructor involved in the situation. dissolute If a team member becomes disruptive to the team (continually derailing team meetings, email discussions, or deliver fits), Group 4 will mom together to address the situation immediately. The individual will be address by the team in a team that the Individuals actions are not meeting or group email. The team will state conducive to team activities and the actions need to stop Immediately.If the situation continues after an Nominal conversation or email, the course Instructor will be notified and action will be taken accordingly. Not actively contributing If a team member is not actively contributing, Group be a ddress by the team in a team meeting or group email. It will be determined if the individual Just needs tautological help that the team fucking provide r if it is another circumstance not related to the course. If the situation cannot be remedied through added help from the team, Group 4 will shoot the breeze with the course instructor to determine the best course of action. Not participating in weekly conference calls If a team member is not attending weekly conference calls on a regular basis (unless previously notified due to travel, business, etc. ) the team will reach out to the team member through email first then the emergency phone number provided to discuss the situation. If the issue is not dogged, Produces low-quality work If a team member is providing low-quality work recently, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately.The individual will be address by the team in a team meeting or group email. It will be determined if the individual Just needs extra help that the team can provide or some other reason. If the member does not want team help and still provides low-quality work, Group 4 will consult with the course instructor to determine the best course of action. It. If a team member decides to drop the class, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately. The remaining members of the team will reassign the work, so everyone in Group 4 will have a fair amount.Depending at what draw a bead on a team member may drop, Group 4 will reach out to the course instructor if it will greatly impact a deliverable with an approaching deadline. Iii. If a team member has an emergency and cannot participate, Group 4 will come together to address the situation immediately. The remaining members of the team will reassign the work, so everyone in Group 4 will have a fair amount. If the team member will be able to return at some point, the team will again come together and divide the work up so each team member has a fair a mount. Throughout this time, communication with the course instructor will in like manner be in effect. troth managementOrganizations exist to accomplish sine set goals and objectives. NAMPs main goals is to offer corroborate to the US navy peculiarly in terms of maintenance to fleet and other navy equipment in various settings including combat missions. In the process of execution of its goals an organization is bound to experience conflict, for NAMP these conflicts are real considering the fact that, the organization is comprised of staff from the diverse US culture and the fact that, operations in NAMP calls for team work as opposed to individual efforts.Therefore, conflicts emerge and how such conflicts are managed determines whether NAMP uses effectively. To ensure that, conflicts are resolved to the advantage of the organization, NAMP should use the following conflict resolution strategies. Such strategies include avoidance, accommodating, forcing, via media as well as pr oblem solving (win-win) scheme.IntroductionOrganizations exist to strive some set goals and objective. Organizational goals and objectives guides any given organization into the achievement of the specific goals and objectives a set out in the organisational policies and procedures. To achieve organisational objectives and goals, any given organization engages several resources such as man, money, machine, technology and raw materials and knowledge. Whenever teams are formed, conflicts emerge. Conflicts if managed well through utilization of conflict resolution strategies can benefit the organization a lot. Unless conflicts in teams are well managed, job performance goes down, as well as employee morale and motivation.Background InformationManagement of an organization is responsible for ensuring that all the resources of an organization are gived so well so as to ensure that the organization achieves its mission. Where human beings are involved conflicts always come up. naval f orces, care any other given organization, conflicts arise and when they do, there is a need for conflict resolution by applying conflict management principles such as avoidance, accommodating, forcing, compromise as well as problem solving (win-win) strategy (Valley, 2006.231-245). Conflicts are important to an organization in that if well managed they result into the birth of new ideas. The Navy relies on teamwork so as to execute its functions well.Where teams exist there is a need for a spirit of cooperation so as to achieve that synergetic function as teams as opposed to operating like individuals. The Navy recruits officers from all cultural backgrounds in the US and therefore it naturally occurs that the people who end up joining teams in the Navy are comprised of diverse cultural backgrounds. This can be a leading source of conflict in the Navy and it calls for watchful management, which is non-partisan and geared towards achieving a common good for all. NAMP is responsible for offering logistical support through aircraft maintenance.By the virtue of maintaining Navy aircraft, NAMP constitutes an integral part of naval operations and therefore any conflicts, which interrupts morale of workers in this department affects the whole Navy force (Bohrer, 2002.24-65). The staff of NAMP is divided into 3 levels which include the organizational level also referred to as the O-Level, performs maintenance for aircraft as well as aeronautical equipment services, preventive maintenance, inspections as well as corrective maintenance (Bohrer, 2002.48-66).The other levels, which MAMP is organized around, are the intermediate level responsible for combat maintenance and support also referred to as I-Level. The other level of NAMP is the Depot level involved in overhauling noncurrent fleet (Bohrer, 2002.55-68). The fact that NAMP constitutes of officers in several levels such as O-Level, I-Level, D-Level as well as OMD officers implies that officers at NAMP have to co nstantly function in support to each other, subsequently conflicts are always bound to happen. The following are some practical conflict resolution, which are applied at NAMP to ensure that conflicts do not disintegrate teams but on the contrary to make sure that conflicts are resolved to the advantage of the organization.BodyConflict resolution is only effective whereby all efforts possess in mind the sources of conflicts in teams such as, unresolved conflicts, frustration in team members, which all reduce the effectiveness of teams (Schermerhon, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005.35-79). In terms of value, it is important to range team members values so that they are in agreements with organizational values. This ensures that employee behavior is in conformity with organizational galls and objectives. This is important and where individual goals are in conflict with organizational goals the latter should take precedence.Collaboration and problem solving is an effective way of handling conflic ts in teams. Collaboration calls for the team members to brainstorm the source of conflicts so as to come up with effective solutions to the emerging problems. Members are allowed the freedom to decide on the best solution to the problem which is task oriented (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992.46-66). Collaboration calls for a give and take attitude in which team members can compromise their opinions and ideas for the success of the team.Collaboration allows room for all teams to work together in harmony with resolutions to conflict being suitable and in line with teams interests. Collaboration as a conflict resolution strategy is ideal for teams in that, it leads to the booking of all team members in the decision making process (Schermerhon, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005.37-78).Avoidance is another conflict resolution strategy, which is very central and important to teams. Avoidance as a strategy is based on the belief that some conflicts arise out of petty and minor differences which are to e asy to resolve as long as employees are willing to sit down and act as groups for the common benefit of the organization (Tajfeh, & Turner, 1979.64-81). Avoidance as a conflict resolution strategy is based on the understanding that, human beings are different and therefore differences are inevitable. Where conflicts are solved well, teams regain and strengthen trust in each other as well as trust in the organization .Avoidance strategy therefore advocates for forgiveness in order to achieve slow mend of differences. Avoidance requires conflicting members of a team to engage in less physical contact in order to allow individual differences to heal (Spector, thrust & Van Katwyk, 1999.12-32). Therefore, avoidance of the source of conflict is an effective means of strengthening interpersonal relations in teams.Authoritative command has been found to be an effective conflict resolution strategy. Authoritative command assumes that, team leaders can effectively solve the differences betwe en employees or team members. This is an easy and faster way of firmness conflicts given the fact that, this conflict resolution strategy is the very fast and does not involve a lot of deliberations which may be time consuming. presumption the fact that leaders have authority, arbitrating becomes easy hence speeding up the conflict resolution process. Unlike the collaboration approach, authoritative command does not admit room for brainstorming of issues and decisions are left to the discretion of the team leader (Tajfeh, & Turner, 1979.74-81).The other common conflict resolution strategy is accommodation method. Accommodation is especially utilitarian in resolving conflicts resulting from individual differences. It involves team members giving up the possible gains in a conflict situation to accommodate opinions of other team members (Fox, & Spector, 1999.109-126). This method is useful in building effective teams based on mutual understanding. Finally, comprise is also a confli ct resolution commonly utilize by teams to resolve conflicts.Compromise as a conflict resolution strategy calls for the team members to settle for less, for the sake of the team and the organization. In a compromise situation a team member may accept to suffer in order arrive at solutions to challenges and for the sake of the survival of the team (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992.47-65). Compromise is useful in situations, which threaten the very survival of an organization.Conclusion Team building takes a lot of organization resources and conflicts should not be left to bring down the team spirit. To ensure the survival of teams in organization calls for a good understanding of the nature, types, causes and resolution strategies. Whereby conflicts are resolved well, teams move from strength to strength and the organization achieves goals and objectives.RecommendationsIt is recommendable for NAMP to utilize avoidance, accommodating, forcing, compromise as well as problem solving (win-w in) strategy wherever challenges emerge in the process to running the day to day activities of the organization. Conflict resolution can not be well management unless managers are well trained. There is a need for NAMP to train its managers in skills related to conflict resolution so as to make sure that, the organization continues to offer its services uninterrupted, and to maintain high staff morale as well as prevent staff turnover which often results if conflicts are not well managed.ReferencesBohrer, D. 2002.24-65. Americas Special Forces. Minnesota. Zenith press.Cranny, C, Smith, P. and Stone, E.1992.46-66. Job satisfaction. New York Lexington.Fox, S and Spector, P. 1999.102-142. A flummox of work frustration-aggression. Journal of organization at Behavior. 20.Spector, P., Fox, S., and Van Katwyk, P. 1999.12-32. The role of negative affectivity in employee reactions to jobs characteristics Bias effect or substantive effect. Journal of occupational and organizational Psycholog y, 72.Schermerhon, S., Hunt, J., and Osborn, R. 2005.35-79. Organizational behavior. 9ed. John Wiley $ Sons Inc.Tajfeh, H., and Turner, J. 1979.64-81. An intergroup conflict in W.G.Austin & S. Worchel (Eds). The social psychology of intergroup relation. Monterey, CA Brooks/Cole.Valley, P.H. 2006.231-245. Theory and application of managerial communications. United States McGraw-Hill / Irwin.

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay

In criminal law, deportment prison term or biography without parole means putting to confine aroundbody for the rest of his/her animation for the offensive activitys committed whereas death sentence means writ of execution those criminals who atomic number 18 found guilty of committing most truly serious crimes like murder, attempted coup or raping. Myself I am not an advocate of corking sentence alone I support life-time sentence. Life without parole is also known as determinate life sentence. It means being sentenced to life imprisonment without every possibility of being released in future.American government spends a lot of m unmatchedy by executing criminals than it spends in giving life sentence. For this reason and separates I find executions in America should be replaced by life without parole. Execution in Texas is not something new. In 1980 there were two men who were alleged to confine killed a clerk somewhere, two of them fired shots at the clerk but it is not clear who exactly killed the clerk though both of them admitted to have fired at the clerk. To the corridors of justice it did not matter whether it was one of them or both who killed so long as they agreed to have fired and killed the clerk.One of these men was called Mr. Nicholas he was twenty geezerhood old when he was arrested but was drawd when he was forty five years old. In this vitrine, I dont think justice was done. This is a good example of many cases where justice is not allowed to take its course. The state should have tried to establish who between the two killed the clerk. In a case like this one a mortal who is innocent can be killed and he is not wedded a chance to argue his case. Therefore on this basis I condemn execution of prisoners instead, they should be habituated life sentence.This is the unaccompanied practical thing and reasonable method whereby the offenders can be given time to reassess themselves. Again they continue living though they argo n not necessarily free. most half of the total criminals who are penalize in America come from Texas. It has the highest number of executions in America. It contravenes one of the Ten Commandments that Moses was given by God In the past, detonator sentence was highly valued but of late it is not. In fact many states in ground forces have abolished it.In the past decades the line of merchandise was that capital sentence deters crime, it was a religious conviction or what is called the Law of Moses an eye for an eye or tooth for a tooth. It was also thought that the states were spending huge sums of money feeding, clothing and providing healthcare for murderers, rapists and other unplayful criminals. This seemed to be silly and outrageous but now the argument has changed. In fact the former supporters of capital sentence are now singing a different tune. Today, the argument is that USA is finding it truly expensive to execute criminals than to jail them for life.Surely, this is something that any sensible person should see. All states should awake to the fact that USA is wasting a lot of money in executing criminals instead of using this money on development projects that can benefit all. For example in North Carolina (Gold R. 2002 89) about two one million million dollars are spent on effecting execution. When you compare capital sentence and life sentence, a person sentenced for life only needs to be fed, clothed, treated and guarded. Therefore it is cheaper to life imprison than to execute.The reasons why capital sentence should be abolished are that, the death row convicts spend a lot of money trying to fight for their freedom. They must hire lawyers who charge them exorbitantly so that they could argue about their fate, the process of appealing has become more(prenominal) protracted. Like in the case mentioned above, the convict spent about 25 years in jail before his life was terminated. Justice delayed is justice denied. The state spent alot of money to keep him than it could have spent if he was jailed for life. The reason why the execution process is long is that an innocent person may sometimes be executed.Therefore a lot of time is taken to dig in for finer details that could prove beyond reasonable doubts that the person alleged to have committed the crime really did it. According to the governor of Maryland his country spent 22. 4 million US dollars to execute death penalties. This money could have been used to pay at least 500 extra policemen a year or provide drugs for treating 10,000 drug addicts. He said when this money is used on other projects that are useful apart from executing law breakers, it becomes an investment that save lives and reduce violent crimes (www. Amnestyusa.Org/Abolish) nigh of the methods used to carry out death penalties should be abolished for they contravene human rights. A person is subjected to a very nasty experience that even the executors could not like to imagine themselves in. For example in lethal injections, a person is subjected to excruciating pain in the neck. The poison is injected to the criminal. It contains pancoronium bromide for killing his nerves and potassium chloride which is used to check the heart beat. mosttimes the dose injected might not be enough or not considerably mixed. In such a case the victim takes longer than it should to die.The prisoner dies in intense pain from asphyxiation. For example there was a case in Florida whereby the executor missed to inject the drug in a vein and put it in the muscle. The victim died after 34th minute. During this period the victim writhed, grimaced and groaned suggesting that he was in pain. Another instance that shows that capital sentence violates human rights is of Saddam Hussein the former president of Iraq. He was executed on 30th December 2006 during his execution, when the platform dropped, Saddams neck was broken and it could be heard at a distance that indeed his neck was broken.His bod y was left suspended on the noose for a few minutes before it was confirmed by the doctor that he was dead. The real pictures were posted on the internet are horrific. The crimes he committed could not be compensated by his life plus the amount of money that was spent since his search begun trial and execution. According to (Baicker K. 2001 12-27) more than ascorbic acid billion US dollars were spent. All this money was spent just because of one person. His trial was complicated and protracted.The such(prenominal) that was spent on his trial was more than what could have been used to keep him alive for the rest of life or be used to take care of other prisoners. Another reason why I am an ardent supporter of life sentence over capital sentence is that the criminals who are executed are like any other citizens who contribute to the economic. They play vital role in the economy. Some of them are even businessmen, doctors, teachers etc. The part they played could not be played by o ther person. So when a person is executed, the nation at large goes at a loss.These people could be taken to prison hospitals, schools and other businesses to offer their services there until they die and these people are not paid so, it is like killing two birds with one stone. States should also know that most of these criminals who are executed, some of them are highly educated and have different professions. The state has used a lot of its resources in educating them. Thus instead of taking all this money to waste, it should take advantage of their education by reaping some benefits from it instead of incurring a double loss. That is by trying and executing somebody whom the state has invested its resources on.Governments should consider their decision on capital sentence by trying to look this issue from an economist stay point. While still on this topic, I think USA should look and analyze capital sentence from an economic perspective. For example when a criminal who is the sole breadwinner is executed, his/her family lands in a sea of troubles. A family that was overt of providing itself with food starts depending on the government to provide to it everything that it needs. This becomes a burden to the government because it has to increase its budgetary parcelling on the orphans funds and other unfortunate members of the society.Currently, US government spends les on poor families. I think it is because of many reasons abolition of capital sentence included. I think if it could be used as in the past decades, this cost would amazingly go up In California (Maganini S. 1988 750-902) death penalty spends 114 million US dollars which is more than what is spent on life sentence. In executions according to the 2005 Los Angeles times study, California evaluate payers part with more than 250 US million dollars to finance a single execution. This government spends 11. million dollars on appointed counsel for those convicts who are in the death row and 12 mi llion US dollars are spent by the federal government on defending death row convicts who are presented to federal courts. In 2005 according to the governor of California (Los Angeles Times) he needed 230 million US dollars to construct a new death row. In Kansas it was estimated that in 2003, its government used 70% more than the cost of executing other non-death penalties. With all facts and figures put on the table, I do not think there is any person who can still argue for the continuity of death penalty. It is costly, unfair and inconsequential.

Creation of amended television Essay

IntroductionTo determine the victor of the common policy atomic number 63an Union directive regarding the amended television set without frontiers act, it is necessary first to understand the objectives of the act and the broader objectives fostered by the European Union regarding television and broadcasting.In general, the European Union aims at establishing and maintaining free movement of capital, goods and persons. There is as well as a general effort to establish the conditions necessary for unrestricted broadcasting across the rule of its constituent States. This means that the EU generally strives to al gloomy television broadcasting of member-state limit to happen freely indoors the EU. The tv Without Frontiers Directive is the jural document that establishes the framework for television broadcasting activities in the EU to march on in this unrestricted fashion. Overall and most often, this directive is considered the cornerstone of the European broadcasting policy.Th is should give at least(prenominal) some nonion that it is generally considered to be a success most specifically this success is noted in terms of its principle objective, which is to co-ordinate the national rules of section States regarding the television broadcasting. As necessary, the Television Without Frontiers Directive looks to remove barriers established by internal markets for television broadcasting and related operate at heart the Union and too to establish a broader means of g overning the broadcasting activities of Member States as a collective unit.Areas in which the broadcasting directive is most fundamental include in the freedom of answer and retransmission, the promotion of production and distribution of European programs to provide regain to major sporting sluicets from around the EU and establish and maintain measures to protect minors.The Amended Television Without Frontiers Directive OverviewDigital television first launched in Europe between 1995 an d 1996. The first digital service in Europe dramatically changed the landscape for audiovisual aid communications and broadcasting. Increased deregulation and the introduction of new technology within the broadcasting sector appeargond to surface the way for still further developments. Digital technology, from the get-go, both multiplied and diversified the broadcasting convey and services series. It also established a convergence of the telecommunications, media and information technology sectors (Aubry, two hundred0).By 1997 and 1998, interested authorities had curb of a new trend in the broadcasting industry. The Statistical Yearbook of the Strasbourg-based European audiovisual realise confirmed that the progress of digital technology in Europe was creating a signifi stubt growth in the number of broadcasting operators, particularly pay-TV and pay-per-view services. Over 330 digital channels broadcast by satellite at the beginning of 1997. In 1996, totally a year before, the number of broadcasting channels was as low as ten (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997).By January 1, 1998, More than 480 digital programs broadcast by satellite by January 1, 1998 that could be received in parts of Europe (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998). Seventeen pay-per-view providers were also providing customers with over 200 channels in 1998, which compared to the six services providing offering only 42 channels between them in 1996 (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998). The trend regarding digital television was deceasely that it was not only bringing more channels on the European audiovisual scene but that the entire range of the content broadcast was expanding dramatically over even a short period of time, particularly due to the special channels in stock(predicate) via systems like pay-per-view.As a result of the growing range of channels offered, in 1997, major European digital providers, such as Spains Canal Satellite, Germanys Premiere, and the Unit ed Kingdoms BSkyB, launched a series of new digital multichannel packages in Europe. The packages offer a very diversified range of thematic programs such as cinema, sports, information, music, and travel (Aubry, 2000).The audiovisual products increased in range as the demand for cinema, television, video, and multimedia increased dramatically between 1995 and 2000. In particularly, the growth in total income was staggering an estimated climb of 69% was seen during that period, accounting for an increase from euro 31,847.7 million to euro 53,871.1 million in just those five years. Much of the increase was also generated by the newly developed television systems and such new forms of audiovisual consumption as pay-per-view, video-on-demand, and multimedia service packages (Norcontel, 1997, p. 173).In a very brief period, the landscape for audiovisual broadcasting in Europe had transformed dramatically. The industry was also subject to a large number of alliances between traditional o perators of unsullied television and, increasingly, in paid television systems.Both mergers and joint ventures between major and minor satellite, cable, and mundane provider companies were viewed favorably by the European competition authorities. The mergers and ventures were seen to ensure the development of an Information Society as they supported and often facilitated the provision of new audiovisual content and services (Aubry, 2000).In terms of objectives, the European Commission also intends to ensure that the audiovisual market remains open to competition hence, it carefully sees to it that the state market not be distorted or foreclosed by overriding positions and access barriers such as exclusive broadcasting rights (particularly as regards sport events) and State aid to the broadcasting sector. The Member States have therefore to ensure that pluralism and competition are maintain in the audiovisual sector by preventing the creation of dominant positions resulting from agreements such as concentrations, mergers and acquisitions of businesses.In response to concerns that high entry barriers were gradually being created to limit the European-wide access to broadcasts, the European Council created the Television Without Frontiers Directive on October 3rd, 1989 (Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989 on the co-ordination of authoritative provisions located down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities (OJ, 1989, p. 23). Rapid changes in the audiovisual market had been seen since the beginning of the nineties.They required a substantial revision of the terms, however. In May, 1995, and further to the European Commission proposal, a revised version of the buffer Television Without Frontier Directive was put forward. The new Directive was adopted on June 30th, 1997 (Directive of the European fantan and of the Council 97/36/EC, 1997, p. 60). This revised version p rovided an up-to-date regulatory framework that was adapted to reflect the require for legislation focusing on digital broadcasting.The particular points about the new directive included the tighten of certain legal concepts. As regards the Member States legal power over broadcasters, rules governing teleshopping and the coverage of major events were introduced. The shield for children was also increased (Aubry, 2000).AnalysisAccording to obligate 2a of Directive 97/36, Member States of the EU mustiness ensure the freedom of reception and they also cannot in any manner restrict the retransmission on their territory of television programs broadcast from other Member States that falls within the fields co-ordinated by the Directive. Essentially the only exception to the rule, the only instance in which it is permitted to restrict retransmission is in the event that, according to the provisions of obligate 22, there is a serious infringement of the provisions governing protection of minors.According to member 2 (1) of the Directive, each Member State is responsible for ensuring that all television programs transmitted by broadcasters under its jurisdiction comply with the provisions of the Directive as well as with the national regulations applicable to broadcasts intended for the earthly concern in that Member State. It follows that the receiving State may not apply to programs emanating from another Member State legal provisions specifically aimed at controlling the content of television broadcasts at national level.Although Member States can adopt more details or constraining rules in the areas that cover the Directive according to article 3 (1) of the Directive, rules may not be applied to programs broadcast by cross-border channels located in other Member States.It is also worth nothing that the European Court of Justice currently distinguishes between national legislation in areas not covered by the Directive, like the protection of consumers against misleading advertising, and matters that are considered to be already fully regulated by Community law. This certainly includes regulations relating to the protection of minors.Under certain circumstances, a receiving EU Member State has the option to adopt measures to protect the interests of consumers against national advertisers. They may not take measures to control television program broadcasts by foreign operators. just now the Member States with jurisdiction over the broadcaster concerned is responsible for its control (European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997, p 13).The Television Without Frontiers Directive sets quota requirements for the promotion of European works on television. These provisions do not apply to television broadcasts that are intended for local anaesthetic audience and do not form part of a national network (Aubry, 2000).According to Article 4 of the Directive, the Member States must ensure, where practicable and by appropriate means, that broadcasters un der their jurisdiction seize for European productions a majority proportionality of air time. This doesnt include any time wedded to news, sports, games, advertising, teletext services and teleshopping.According to Article 5, European television channels must reserve at least 10% of their transmission time to European works created by producers unaffiliated with broadcasters.Certain flexibility is grant for the implementation of the quota requirements, however, the European Commission supervises the implementation of Articles 4 and 5 of the Directive is supervised by the European Commission. All Member States must submit to a report containing a statistical statement on the achievement of the quotas. This is required every two years and any failure to achieve the required proportion must be reported and explained. Measures must also be adopted or envisaged to remedy the government agency where possible (Aubry, 2000).ConclusionIn terms of its success, the Amended Television With out Frontiers Directive certainly does establish a viable means of maintaining a viable community base for television broadcasting within the European Union. Whereas limited channel choice characterized analogue broadcasting, the need for the viewer to fit in with the schedulers, and a clear understanding that the television was a device for watching broadcast programs.Digitalization, on the other hand, creates the possibility of hundreds of channels. It basically allows televisions to serve as a multipurpose, multimedia terminal. Digitalization allows viewers to program their own schedules, watch programs when they want, and even interacting with the programs themselves.Overall, the EU member countries have managed to maintain a relatively unrestricted system for broadcasting content produced by other member countries. However, the amended Television Without Frontiers Directive was first implemented as a measure to combat growing efforts by EU member states to restrict such broadc asting freedoms. Only time will tell whether the commonality established by this directive will be maintained and proven successful. For one thing, the effects of digital television will be interesting to determine and watch in terms of shared broadcasting among EU-member broadcasting companies.References.Audry, P. 2000. The Television Without Frontiers Directive, Cornerstone of the European Broadcasting Policy, Strasbourg EAO.European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997, Legal Guide to Audiovisual Media in Europe, Strasbourg EAO.European Audiovisual Observatory, 1997. Statistical Yearbook. Strasbourg EAO.European Audiovisual Observatory, 1998. Statistical Yearbook, Strasbourg EAO.Levy, D. A. L. 2001. Europes Digital Revolution Broadcasting Regulation, the EU and the Nation State. London Routledge.Norcontel, 1997. frugal Implications of New Communication Technologies on the audiovisual markets, Screen Digest, Stanbrook and Hooper.OJ Council Directive 89/552/EEC, 1989. The co-ordination o f certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities, Official Journal of the European Union, 17 October, 1989.

Fables

Common type of story is the fable, which presents a moral, or lesson slightly adult male behavior. Fables usually feature animals behaving and spea pouf as humans. Among the most widely known be those from the ancient Sanskrit Pancatantra (Five Chapters), which was primary written down in India perhaps 2,000 years ago. Known in Europe as The Fables of Bidpai, this accumulation presents animal characters in entertaining stories and poetry. Many European animal fables have at least in part desc hold backed from the Pancatantra. Among the most renowned Western fables argon those attributed to Aesop, a (probably fictitious) slave from ancient Greece.One of the best-known of Aesops stories is The ant and the Grasshopper, which teaches the need to be industrious and save for the future during times of plenty. Stories that point out lessons are called fables. rise up e reallyone knows the fable about the triad little cops. They leave home and go out into the world to pull their f ortunes. Of course, they have to build places in which to live. The first little pig shops his house of straw. The second little pig also takes things easily, building his house of sticks. The third little pig works hard and long to make a house of bricksa good, sturdy house.Along comes a wolf who blows down the houses of straw and sticks and eats the devil lazy little pigs. All his huffing and puffing, however, cannot blow down the house of bricks. In this fable the three little pigs show human characteristics. Two little pigs are shiftless and meet an unhappy end through their own fault. The hard-working little pig earns the reward of a good life. History of fables In very early times volume told stories in which animals talk. By their actions the animals show how foolish or wise people can be. Folklore scholars think that fables probably originated among the Semitic peoples of the Middle East.The tales spread to India and then west to Greece. Many fables go back to an ancient Sanskrit collection from India called Pancatantra (Five Chapters). These stories were told and retold through many generations. Eventually they reached Greece. The Greeks added detail and action and made Aesop track of all the fables. The Romans translated Aesops fables into Latin. They were translated into French in the 13th century. The first of many versions of the folktale of Reynard the put off appeared in about the 12th century. Fables of Aesops The greatest teller of fables was Aesop (see Aesop).He was believed to be a slave in ancient Greece. His stories are simple moral lessons illustrated usually by the actions and speech of animals. Some of his best-known fables are The Lion and the computer mouse, The corn dab and the Stork, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Wolf in Sheeps Clothing, The Fox and the Grapes, The Frogs Desiring a King, and The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf. In Aesops The Lion and the Mouse the great, strong king of beasts is tired of hunting. He lies down to sleep under a shady tree. A mouse runs over his face and awakens him.The angry lion is about to crush the tiny mouse with his big paw, but the mouse begs so hard to live that the lion lets him go. Some time later the lion is caught in a hunters trap. He roars with surprise and fury. The little mouse recognizes the roar and races to the trap. He gnaws the ropes and sets the lion free. The salutaryly lion is grateful for the help that his tiny friend gave him. The king of beasts thinks to himself Sometimes the ill-definedest can help the strongest. Aesops The Fox and the Stork shows that a tricky person does not always win. A cast off invites a stork to dinner.The fox serves dope in a shallow dish. The poor stork can wet only the end of his long delimit bill in the soup. The sly fox makes false apologies and laps up all the food. The stork pretends to be satisfied and invites the fox to dinner. When the fox comes a few days later, he finds the food served in a tall shock wit h a narrow neck. Down in the jar goes the storks long bill. All the fox can do is lick his chops. This fable may have suggested the old proverb he who laughs last laughs best. Many proverbs and maxims are expressions of the wisdom found in fables.Some of these sayings and the fables from which they come are listed after the History of Fables section. Fables by La Fontaine another(prenominal) great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine (see La Fontaine). He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop. In the writings of both men are The Fox and the swash, The peacenik and the Ant, The Fox and the Grapes, The Maid and the Pail of Milk, and The Fox and the Stork. Some of La Fontaines titles vary slightly from Aesops. The Fox and the Crow tells that a fox sees a crow ith a piece of cheeseflower in her beak calm down in a tree. The fox wants the cheese. He looks up at the crow and says, Good day, Mistress Crow. How well you look to day I feel sure that your voice must surpass that of other birds, just as your figure does. Let me hear you sing but one song so I may greet you as queen of the birds. The crow begins to caw her best.As soon as she opens her mouth, the piece of cheese falls to the ground and is snapped up by the fox. That will do, he says. That was all I wanted. In qualify for your cheese, Ill give you a piece of advice for the future. Do not trust flatterers. Another of La Fontaines fables is The Animals Sick of the Plague. The lion, who is king of the beasts, asks all the animals to confess their sins. The guiltiest will be sacrificed to save the rest. The lion begins by confessing that he has devoured an appalling come in of sheep and the shepherd, too. Reynard the Fox defends the king. His plea is applauded by the lions flatterers. Finally a poor donkey is sacrificed after he confesses that he has eaten grass on the monastery grounds. The moral of the tale is Thus do the courts acquit the s trong and doom the weak as therefore wrong.

Political Risks in International Marketing

Assessing the policy-making environment is an important part in any business decision. Laws and regulations passed by either local, regional and commutation organization bodies clear affect foreign firms operations. Also, firms ar comfortable assessing the political climates in their home countries. However, assessing the political climates in some other countries is still problematic. Classification and description of political gambles When doing international business, the manager whitethorn pillowcase several figures of financial risks.The major types of financial risks are commercial risks, political risks, exchange rate risks, and other such as inflation-related risks. Thus, political risks are non commercial risks. Political risks are any changes in the political environment that may adversely affect the value of a firms business activities. Political risks may give-up the ghost in any nation, except the risks vary considerably surrounded by countries. We may disti nguish two types of categorisation of political risks. A classification based on the characteristic of political risks and a classification or categorization based on the local organization actions or catch.Classification based on the characteristics of political risks Characteristics adduce to as the facts that are inherent to each political risk. In other terms, their uniqueness or what have them different from one another. There are three types of such characteristics self-command risks, operational risks, and transfer risks. self-control risk In which the property of the firm is threatened through expropriation, confiscation or vapidity. Ownership risk exposes property and life. The triad will be explained in the second classification. Operating riskIn which there is interference with the firm operations.The ongoing operations of the and/or the safety of its employees are threatened through changes in laws, environmental standards, tax codes, terrorism, armed tumult o r wars, and so forth. Transfer riskIn which the government interferes with a firms ability to shift pecuniary resource into and out of the orbit. Classification based host country actions We arse distinguish two types political risks out of the government control and political risk induced by the government. Political risks out of government control. There are risks or events arise from nongovernmental actions, factors that are outside the government responsibility.There arewars, revolution, coup detat, terrorism, strikes, extortion, and kidnappings. They all derived from some unstable social situation, with population frustration and intolerance. All these risks can generate violence, directed towards firms property and employees. We may also have the case ofexternally induced financial constraints and externally imposed limits on imports or exports, especially in case of embargoes or any sparing sanctions against the host country. Political risks induced by the government The se risks constitute some laws directed against foreign firms. near government-induced risks are very drastic.There are expropriation, confiscation and domestication. Expropriationis the seizure of foreign assets by a government with stipend of earnings to the owners. In other terms, it is involuntary transfer of property, with compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. Expropriation may generate some funds for the owners. However, procedures to get paid from the government are sometimes protracted and the final amount remains low. Furthermore, if no compensation is paid, conflicts may erupt between the host country and the country of the expropriated firm.For instance, the relations between U. S. and Cuba acknowledge such situation, since Cuba does not offer compensation to U. S. firms that have their assets sized. 3(*)Also, expropriation can refrain other companies from investing in the concerned country. Confiscationis another type of ownership ris k similar to expropriation, except compensation. It is involuntary transfer of property, no compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. In confiscation, firms do not receive any funds from government. Thereby, it represents a more risky situation for foreign firms.Some industries are more vulnerable to confiscation than others because of their splendour to the host countries and their lack of ability to shift operations. Sectors such as mining, energy, public utilities, and banking have been targets of such government actions. Domesticationoffers to governments a subtle control over the foreign investments. There is a partial ownership transfer and companies are urged to prioritize local production and to retain a large share of the return within the country. Domestication can negatively impact the international marketer activities, as well as that of the entire firm.For example, if foreign companies are forced to hire nationals as managers, poor cooper ation and communication can answer. If domestication was imposed within a short time span, poorly trained and inexperienced local managers would lead the firm operations with possible lost of profits. Other government actions-related risksare less dangerous but more common such asboycott, sabotage. When facing shortage of foreign currency, government, sometimes, attempts tocontrol the movement of great(p)in and out of the country. Often,exchange controlsare levied selectively against certain products or companies.Exchange controls limit importation of goods so that firms tycoon be confronted with difficulties in their regular transactions. Severe restrictions on importcan be a motive for foreign corporate to shut down. Governments may also raise the tax rate employ to foreign investors in order to control them and their capital. Government may implement aprice control system. Such control uses to derive from a sensitive political situation. For example, social pressure may resu lt in a kind of price standardization for particular sectors like food, transportation, fuel, and healthcare.Political risks like arms conflicts, insurrection may affect all firms in the country equally. For that reason they are calledmacro political risks. Unlike, nationalization, strikes, expropriation may affect only a handful and specific firm, they are namedmicro political risks. Impact of some political risks Some negative effects of political risks on firm are summarized in the pursual table. Table 1. Holistic table summarizing the major political risks and their effects on firms TYPES IMPACT ON FIRMS Expropriation prejudice of future profits Confiscation Loss of assets Loss of future profits Campaigns against foreign goods Loss of gross sales change magnitude cost of public relations efforts to improve public image Mandatory labor benefits rule Increased operating costs Kidnappings, terrorists threats, and other forms of violence Disrupted production Increase d security costs Increased managerial costs Lower productivity Civil wars Destruction of property Lost sales Disruption of production Increased security costs Lower productivity Inflation Higher operating costs Repatriation Inability to transfer funds freely Currency devaluations Reduced value of repatriated earnings Increased taxation Lower after-tax profits Source, Ricky W. Griffin, International business, 2005, page 73 In long run, and depending on the asperity of the risks, action taken by government may decrease income and be detrimental to the host country economy. Strong political risks that are deeply rooted in the country governance habit might be barriers to foreign investment and country prosperity. What is going on in West Africa?

Photography term paper

Photography can only represent the present. once photographed, the subject becomes part of the past (Abbott, Bernice). Since the beginning of era humans have tried to commemorate their constituteation and one of the ways we have done so is through photography. Photography can be found anywhere. One of the most common places you can find photography is in a museum which is where my story begins.As I entered the doors of the Museum of Photography at the University of Riverside I was transported through time. I was taken back to a time when hydrotherapy was nearly a budding phenomenon. A time where the mention of daguerreotype a picture make on a mirror-like surface, would stop people dead in their tracks. A time where death as tragic as it was, was celebrated as art. The time of Post-Mortem photography.As I ventured deeper into the world of Post-Mortem photography, I quickly ascertained that Post- Mortem photography meant photography of the deceased. I immediately questioned the ph otographers motives and was hesitant to except their works as art. However, as I continued to examine and observe I realized that these photographs werent as horrific as I had do them UT to be. In fact, they were quite beautiful In that they convey something behind for the living to hold on to.As I continued through the halls of the museum I found several other photographs whose subjects were living. I favored these photographs all over the other photographs because they were much more cheerful. Through step forward my exploration of the museum In total there were four photographs that stood out to me. Photography term paper By zoologically out to be. In fact, they were quite beautiful in that they leave something behind for exploration of the museum in total there were four photographs that stood out to me.

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment ExampleThis arise of managing the employees with the formation of definite strategies is known as strategic HRM. In other words, the strategic management of military personnel resources implies the supervision and administration of employees according to the present and future objectives of the organization. Its concerned with long term issues of the employees and it deals with the mingled macro elements of the organization that includes values, culture, structure, future needs, quality management, knowledge management and human resource development. It has a peg objective of providing direction to the functions of the management in a chaotic environment, so that it can meet the single(a) needs and the collective needs of the staff through the application of suitable HR policies. The meaning of strategic human resource management implies Use of planning A rational glide path to the management and frame of personnel management which is bas ed on policies and strategies prepared in accordance with the philosophy of the organization. ... Figure 3.2 represents the Harvard progress while Figure 3.3 represents the statute mile approach. The Harvard approach is broader in comparison to the Michigan approach. Harvard approach deals with a situational attitude and takes into consideration the interest of the stakeholders in internal and external environment. This model doesnt only emphasize on the performance but also pays attention towards mortal and social well being. On the other hand, the Michigan approach is narrower and defines a much focused model which demonstrates a strong fit between the structure, HRM policies and dodging of the organization. This model puts more importance to the functional level of the human resource management which illustrates that the performance of an individual is dependent on selection, development, rewards and appraisal. The Harvard approach deals with a mixture of process and content theories, while Michigan approach is entirely content oriented.2 Source Human Resource Management A critical approach greatness of HRM An effective HRM framework helps the organization in3- Recruiting people through proper screening and interview techniques Developing their skills by providing them with proper training programs Motivating them with reasonable remuneration and addressing their grievances Retaining them with the introduction of various appraisal and incentive schemes relieve and analyze the HRM framework The human resource management framework is demonstrated in the following diagram The HRM framework describes all the essential function of the human resource management which has an ultimate objective of placing skillful kind of people in the right kind of job at the